Madinah (Masjid an-Nabawi): Complete Guide to History, Significance & Pilgrimage (2025)

Madinah, also known as Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah (The Enlightened City), holds a special place in the hearts of over two billion Muslims worldwide. Located in the western region of Saudi Arabia, it is home to Masjid an-Nabawi – the Prophet’s Mosque – which is considered the second holiest site in Islam after Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. Built by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) himself after his migration (Hijrah) from Makkah, this mosque is not only a spiritual sanctuary but also a historical landmark that shaped the early Muslim community.

Masjid an-Nabawi is a place where faith, history, and architectural beauty come together. From its humble beginnings as a simple structure made of mud bricks to its current status as one of the world’s largest and most technologically advanced mosques, it reflects the growth of Islam and the devotion of millions of pilgrims who visit every year.

In this guide, we’ll explore the history, spiritual significance, architectural evolution, key features, nearby landmarks, and practical travel tips for pilgrims visiting Madinah. Whether you’re planning your Umrah, Hajj, or a spiritual trip, this comprehensive guide will help you understand why Masjid an-Nabawi remains a symbol of faith, love, and unity for Muslims everywhere.

Historical Background of Masjid an-Nabawi (400–500 words)

Masjid an-Nabawi, or the Prophet’s Mosque, is one of the most important and beloved landmarks in Islamic history. Its story begins in 622 CE (1 AH) when Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) migrated from Makkah to Yathrib (later named Madinah) after facing years of persecution. This migration, known as the Hijrah, marks the start of the Islamic calendar.

Upon his arrival, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) purchased a simple plot of land from two orphan brothers, Sahl and Suhayl, to build a mosque that would serve as a place of worship, education, and community gatherings. The first version of Masjid an-Nabawi was modest: it had walls of mud brick, a thatched roof supported by palm trunks, and a small courtyard. Despite its simplicity, this mosque became the spiritual and political center of the Muslim Ummah (community).

One of the most revered areas within the mosque today is Al-Rawdah Al-Sharifah (The Noble Garden), the space between the Prophet’s tomb and his pulpit. Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

“What is between my house and my pulpit is one of the gardens of Paradise.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim)

Over the centuries, Masjid an-Nabawi underwent multiple expansions, beginning with the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab and Caliph Uthman ibn Affan expanded it significantly to accommodate the growing Muslim population. Later, the Umayyads, Abbasids, and Ottoman rulers added remarkable architectural elements, domes, and minarets.

In the modern era, under the leadership of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Masjid an-Nabawi has seen its largest expansions. Today, it can accommodate over a million worshippers and features cutting-edge facilities while maintaining its deep historical and spiritual essence.

Madinah itself was transformed from a small oasis town into a thriving Islamic center, serving as the base for spreading Islam beyond the Arabian Peninsula. For Muslims, visiting Masjid an-Nabawi is more than a journey; it is a spiritual connection to the Prophet (ﷺ) and a way to immerse themselves in Islamic history.

Religious & Spiritual Significance of Masjid an-Nabawi

Masjid an-Nabawi is regarded as the second-holiest mosque in Islam, after Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. It holds deep spiritual significance because it was personally built by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and remains his final resting place. For over 1,400 years, Muslims have traveled from across the globe to visit this sacred mosque, seeking spiritual closeness, knowledge, and tranquility.

1. The Prophet’s Resting Place

One of the most revered sites within Masjid an-Nabawi is the Rawdah (Al-Rawdah Al-Sharifah), located between the Prophet’s pulpit (Minbar) and his chamber (Hujrah). The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) is buried here, alongside his closest companions, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA) and Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA). Visiting and sending Salat and Salam (peace and blessings) upon the Prophet is a Sunnah highly recommended for all pilgrims.

“Whoever sends blessings upon me, Allah will send blessings upon him tenfold.” (Sahih Muslim)

2. Reward of Praying in Masjid an-Nabawi

Praying in Masjid an-Nabawi holds a reward unmatched by almost any other mosque in the world, except Masjid al-Haram:

“A prayer in my mosque is better than a thousand prayers anywhere else, except the Masjid al-Haram.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim)

This Hadith emphasizes the immense spiritual reward of worshiping in this blessed place, making it a central destination for those performing Hajj or Umrah.

3. A Place of Knowledge and Guidance

From the earliest days of Islam, Masjid an-Nabawi was not only a place of worship but also a center for education, justice, and governance. The Prophet (ﷺ) delivered sermons, taught the Qur’an, resolved disputes, and led the Muslim community here. Today, the mosque continues to serve as a hub of Islamic learning, with lectures, Qur’an classes, and study circles.

4. The Rawdah: A Garden of Paradise

The Rawdah is among the most spiritually significant places in Masjid an-Nabawi. The Prophet (ﷺ) described it as:

“What is between my house and my pulpit is one of the gardens of Paradise.” (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Pilgrims strive to pray in this area, as it is believed to bring immense blessings and closeness to Allah.

5. Sunnah of Visiting Madinah

Although visiting Madinah is not a requirement of Hajj or Umrah, it is a highly recommended Sunnah. The Prophet (ﷺ) encouraged visiting him after death, and scholars agree that this act symbolizes love and respect for him.

6. A Sanctuary of Peace

Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) declared Madinah a sacred sanctuary:

“Madinah is a sanctuary between its two black mountains. Whoever innovates in it an evil or shelters an evildoer, upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people.” (Sahih al-Bukhari)

This declaration shows the protection and sanctity of Madinah, making it a unique and spiritually safe place for Muslims.

For every pilgrim, a visit to Masjid an-Nabawi is a deeply emotional and life-changing experience, as it represents both spiritual reward and a connection to the Prophet’s legacy.

Architectural Evolution of Masjid an-Nabawi 

Masjid an-Nabawi’s architecture tells the remarkable story of Islamic history and development over more than 1,400 years. From its humble beginnings as a simple mud-brick structure to its current status as one of the largest and most technologically advanced mosques in the world, every era of Islamic leadership contributed to its growth.

1. The Original Structure by the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

When Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) migrated to Madinah in 622 CE (1 AH), he purchased land belonging to two orphan brothers and laid the foundation of Masjid an-Nabawi. At that time, the mosque was a simple rectangular building made from mud bricks, with a palm-trunk roof and no minarets. The mosque measured about 35 meters by 30 meters and had:

• A shaded area (Suffah) where the poor and students of Islam stayed.

• A small platform (Minbar) for sermons.

• Three entrances.

This humble structure reflected the simplicity and spiritual focus of early Islam.

2. Expansion During Caliph Abu Bakr (RA)

Caliph Abu Bakr (RA), the Prophet’s closest companion, served only two years as Caliph (632–634 CE) and did not undertake major architectural changes. However, he ensured maintenance and preservation of the mosque’s original simplicity.

3. Expansion by Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA)

Caliph Umar (RA), the second Caliph of Islam, expanded the mosque in 638 CE to accommodate the growing Muslim population. He:

• Increased the mosque’s size significantly.

• Added a palm tree canopy for shade.

• Introduced torches for lighting, making it easier for worshippers at night.

4. Expansion by Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (RA)

Under Caliph Uthman (RA), the mosque underwent its first major structural transformation in 649 CE. He replaced mud bricks with stone walls and added teak wood columns. This made Masjid an-Nabawi a more permanent and beautiful structure, reflecting Islam’s rapid expansion.

5. Umayyad Era (Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik)

The Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I (r. 705–715 CE) carried out a historic expansion, introducing some of the mosque’s most significant features:

• Construction of the Green Dome: The famous Green Dome over the Prophet’s grave was built.

• Addition of minarets for the first time.

• Enlargement of prayer areas and beautification using mosaics and marble.

This marked a turning point in the mosque’s architectural development, giving it iconic features still visible today.

6. Abbasid & Ottoman Contributions

The Abbasids expanded and strengthened the mosque further. However, it was under the Ottoman Empire (1517–1919) that Masjid an-Nabawi received major attention:

• Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilt parts of the mosque and improved its roofing.

• The Ottoman-style Green Dome was reconstructed and strengthened.

• High-quality marble and decorative Islamic calligraphy were introduced.

7. Saudi Era Expansions

With the establishment of modern Saudi Arabia, the mosque underwent massive modernization projects:

• King Abdulaziz (1925–1953): Initiated modernization with electricity and basic amenities.

• King Fahd’s Expansion (1985–1994):

  • Expanded Masjid an-Nabawi to over 160,000 square meters.

  • Installed air conditioning, escalators, and advanced lighting.

  • Built retractable roofs and sliding domes.

• King Abdullah’s Expansion (2011–present):

  • Plans to increase capacity to over 1.6 million worshippers.

  • Added modern facilities, new entrances, and improved ventilation systems.

8. Present-Day Features

Today, Masjid an-Nabawi is a stunning blend of Islamic tradition and modern engineering. Key features include:

• The Green Dome: Symbol of the mosque and Islamic heritage.

• Retractable Umbrellas: 250 giant umbrellas in the courtyards, providing shade for thousands of pilgrims.

• State-of-the-Art Facilities: Multi-level prayer halls, escalators, and advanced cooling systems.

• Minarets: The mosque now has 10 minarets, each 105 meters tall.

• Capacity: Over 1 million worshippers can pray here during Hajj seasons.

Masjid an-Nabawi stands as a living testament to Islam’s legacy. Each expansion reflects the Muslim Ummah’s love for the Prophet (ﷺ) and their dedication to preserving this sacred sanctuary for future generations.

🔗 For historic details, visit: General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques

Key Features & Layout of Masjid an-Nabawi 

Masjid an-Nabawi is not only a sacred sanctuary but also a masterpiece of Islamic architecture and modern engineering. Its layout has been carefully designed to manage millions of pilgrims while preserving the mosque’s spiritual essence and historical significance.

1. The Green Dome (القبة الخضراء)

One of the most recognizable landmarks in the Islamic world, the Green Dome is situated directly above the Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) burial chamber.

• Built during the Umayyad era and modified in the Ottoman period, it became green in the 19th century under Sultan Mahmud II.

• It houses the graves of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), Abu Bakr (RA), and Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA).

• This sacred area is not accessible to the public but can be viewed from the Rawdah and nearby prayer spaces.

2. Rawdah ash-Shareefah (The Noble Garden)

Known as one of the holiest spots in Islam, the Rawdah is a small rectangular area between the Prophet’s pulpit (Minbar) and his house.

• The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “What is between my house and my pulpit is a garden from the gardens of Paradise” (Hadith – Bukhari, Muslim).

• The carpet here is green, distinguishing it from other areas.

• Pilgrims consider it a great blessing to pray in this sacred space, though entry is highly regulated due to limited capacity.

3. The Minarets

Masjid an-Nabawi currently has 10 towering minarets, each standing 105 meters tall.

• These minarets are equipped with advanced audio systems to ensure the Adhan (call to prayer) reaches all corners of the mosque and surrounding areas.

• The elegant Ottoman and Saudi architectural blend makes them a symbol of Islamic heritage and progress.

4. The Domes & Retractable Roof System

One of the most striking features of the mosque is its 27 sliding domes and a state-of-the-art retractable roof system.

• The domes are adorned with intricate Arabic calligraphy and Islamic geometric patterns.

• The retractable roofs allow natural sunlight and ventilation, making the prayer experience comfortable even during peak seasons.

• The system is a testament to how technology meets tradition in Islamic architecture.

5. Courtyards & Giant Umbrellas

Masjid an-Nabawi’s courtyards are among the largest in the world and can accommodate over 500,000 worshippers.

• 250 giant umbrellas provide shade and protection from the intense Madinah sun.

• Each umbrella is equipped with lights, fans, and a drainage system to enhance comfort for pilgrims.

6. The Minbar (Pulpit) of the Prophet ﷺ

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used a simple wooden pulpit for delivering sermons.

• Today, a beautifully decorated marble Minbar marks the original spot.

• It is a reminder of the simplicity of the Prophet’s life and teachings.

7. Modern Facilities for Pilgrims

To serve millions of visitors annually, Masjid an-Nabawi integrates modern infrastructure without compromising spiritual ambiance:

• Escalators & Elevators: Ensuring easy access for the elderly and disabled.

• Advanced Air Conditioning System: Cooling pipes run underground, making the interior comfortable even in summer.

• Digital Guidance Systems: Multilingual signboards, QR codes, and apps help pilgrims navigate the vast mosque.

• Cleanliness & Safety Measures: Thousands of staff maintain cleanliness 24/7, while security personnel ensure safety.

8. Women’s Prayer Sections

Special areas are designated for women, ensuring privacy and a peaceful environment for worship. These sections are well-equipped and offer easy access during peak seasons.

9. Capacity and Layout

• Masjid an-Nabawi can host over 1 million worshippers, making it one of the largest mosques in the world.

• Its design seamlessly blends historic landmarks with modern architecture to create a spiritual and welcoming atmosphere for Muslims from around the globe.

Masjid an-Nabawi’s architectural design not only preserves its spiritual essence but also demonstrates how Islam encourages beauty, innovation, and accessibility in sacred spaces.

🔗 For a detailed architectural overview, refer to: Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah

Religious and Spiritual Importance of Masjid an-Nabawi

Masjid an-Nabawi is not just an architectural marvel; it holds immense spiritual value in Islam. It is the second holiest site after Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, and visiting it is a dream for every Muslim worldwide. Its significance is rooted in the life of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), his teachings, and centuries of Islamic tradition.

1. Second Holiest Mosque in Islam

Muslims around the world revere Masjid an-Nabawi as a place of immense barakah (blessings). While performing Salah here is not obligatory like Hajj, it carries tremendous rewards:

“A prayer in my mosque is better than a thousand prayers in any other mosque except Al-Masjid al-Haram.”
(Hadith – Bukhari & Muslim)

This makes the mosque a spiritual sanctuary where worshippers seek closeness to Allah through prayer, Quran recitation, and dhikr (remembrance of Allah).

2. Resting Place of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

The mosque houses the blessed grave of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), making it a deeply spiritual experience for pilgrims.

• Muslims send Salam to the Prophet and his companions Abu Bakr (RA) and Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA), who are also buried here.

• Visiting the Prophet’s grave is considered a Sunnah act of love and respect, strengthening the believer’s bond with him.

3. Rawdah ash-Shareefah – A Garden of Paradise

The Rawdah, a small but spiritually profound area, is described by the Prophet (ﷺ) as a part of Paradise:

“Between my house and my pulpit is a garden from the gardens of Paradise.” (Hadith – Bukhari & Muslim)

Praying in the Rawdah is a rare and highly sought blessing. Pilgrims often plan their Madinah stay to ensure they have a chance to pray here.

4. Symbol of Brotherhood and Islamic Unity

Masjid an-Nabawi was originally built as a community center where Muslims gathered, learned, and supported one another. Today, it continues to symbolize global Islamic unity, welcoming millions of pilgrims from every nationality, culture, and language.

5. Role in Islamic Knowledge and Scholarship

Throughout Islamic history, Masjid an-Nabawi has been a center of learning:

• Companions of the Prophet (RA) would gather here to study Quran and Sunnah.

• Many great scholars of Islam taught and wrote their works within its walls.

• Today, it hosts Quran memorization programs and lectures by esteemed scholars, carrying forward its legacy of knowledge.

6. Acts of Worship in Masjid an-Nabawi

While there are no specific rituals exclusive to Masjid an-Nabawi, certain acts of worship hold special significance:

• Salah (Prayer): Each prayer earns multiplied rewards.

• Sending Salawat (Blessings on the Prophet): Muslims often repeat the Salawat abundantly here.

• Quran Recitation: Many pilgrims dedicate hours to reciting and reflecting upon the Quran.

• I’tikaf (Spiritual Retreat): Especially during Ramadan, worshippers stay in the mosque to dedicate themselves to worship.

7. The Mosque’s Role in Pilgrimage (Hajj & Umrah)

Although visiting Masjid an-Nabawi is not a part of Hajj or Umrah rituals, pilgrims are strongly encouraged to travel to Madinah to pray in the Prophet’s Mosque. This spiritual journey strengthens their faith and deepens their understanding of Islamic history.

8. A Place of Peace and Reflection

Madinah itself is called Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah (The Radiant City) for its tranquility and spiritual aura. Pilgrims often describe Masjid an-Nabawi as a place where hearts find peace, fulfilling the Quranic verse:

“Indeed, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.” (Quran 13:28)

9. Preservation of the Prophet’s Legacy

Every corner of Masjid an-Nabawi reflects aspects of the Prophet’s life. The mosque’s original simplicity and modern expansions symbolize how Islam values both humility and excellence. Visiting it is a way to connect deeply with Seerah (the Prophet’s biography).

10. Spiritual Rewards of Visiting Madinah

While Hajj is obligatory, visiting Madinah is a Sunnah Mu’akkadah (strongly recommended) act that carries great virtue:

“Whoever visits me after my death, it is as if he visited me in my lifetime.”
(Hadith – Daraqutni)

This hadith demonstrates the spiritual weight of traveling to Madinah and showing love for the Prophet (ﷺ).

Masjid an-Nabawi continues to be a beacon of faith, attracting millions of Muslims who seek blessings, knowledge, and spiritual closeness to Allah and His Messenger.

Major Expansions of Masjid an-Nabawi Over the Centuries 

Masjid an-Nabawi has undergone numerous expansions and renovations over the centuries to accommodate the growing number of worshippers. Each era added unique architectural features, reflecting Islamic art, engineering, and devotion. Below is a detailed historical timeline of the mosque’s expansion.

1. Original Construction by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ)

• Year: 622 CE (1 AH)

• Details: The mosque was initially built after the Prophet’s migration (Hijrah) to Madinah. It was a simple rectangular structure made from mud bricks, palm trunks, and a thatched roof.

• Significance: This humble mosque was not only a place of prayer but also a community center, court, and school.

2. Expansion by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA)

• Year: 638 CE (17 AH)

• Details: Caliph Umar expanded the mosque to accommodate the growing Muslim population.

• Additions:

  • Extended prayer area

  • Introduced stone and wood columns for better stability

  • Built a higher roof to allow ventilation in the desert climate

3. Expansion by Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (RA)

• Year: 649 CE (29 AH)

• Details: Caliph Uthman further enlarged the mosque, using carved stones and teakwood.

• Significance: This marked the beginning of a more structured architectural style, setting a standard for future mosques.

4. Umayyad Dynasty Expansion (Walid ibn Abdul Malik)

• Year: 707–709 CE (88–91 AH)

• Major Contributions:

  • Added the first minarets and domes

  • Built stone walls with marble decorations

  • Constructed separate prayer areas for women

  • Extended the mosque’s dimensions significantly

• Historical Note: This was the first major royal expansion and transformed the mosque into a grand Islamic landmark.

5. Abbasid Dynasty Renovations

• Year: 9th–10th Century CE

• Key Changes:

  • Renovation of the structure with fine wood and marble

  • Enhanced the interior with Islamic calligraphy and mosaic designs

  • Repaired damage caused by floods and natural wear

• The Abbasids focused on preservation and beautification, adding artistic elements still admired today.

6. Mamluk Era Reconstruction

• Year: 1481 CE

• Reason: A fire damaged the mosque, requiring major reconstruction.

• Contribution:

  • Rebuilt the roof with fire-resistant materials

  • Strengthened walls and minarets

  • Added intricate tile work and Islamic geometric patterns

7. Ottoman Empire Expansion (Suleiman the Magnificent & Successors)

• Year: 1517–1817 CE

• Highlights:

  • Suleiman the Magnificent ordered a new dome over the Prophet’s tomb in 1517 CE, which became the famous Green Dome in 1837.

  • Expanded mosque structure with domes and courtyards

  • Installed massive chandeliers, marble flooring, and decorative calligraphy

• Legacy: The Ottomans made Masjid an-Nabawi a masterpiece of Islamic architecture, much of which is preserved today.

8. First Saudi Expansion (King Abdulaziz Era)

• Year: 1951 CE

• Details: The mosque was expanded for the first time under Saudi rule:

  • Built a reinforced concrete structure to accommodate large crowds

  • Installed modern lighting, air conditioning, and sound systems

  • Expanded capacity to over 50,000 worshippers

9. King Fahd’s Expansion (1980s)

• Highlights:

  • Doubled the mosque’s size

  • Introduced state-of-the-art air conditioning, escalators, and underground parking

  • Constructed marble courtyards with umbrella-style canopies to provide shade

• Impact: Capacity increased to over 1 million worshippers, making it one of the world’s largest mosques.

10. King Abdullah and King Salman’s Modernization Projects

• Year: 2012–Present

• Vision: To expand Masjid an-Nabawi to host over 2.5 million worshippers.

• Upgrades:

  • Addition of automated systems for cleaning, cooling, and crowd control

  • Installation of giant umbrella shades in courtyards

  • Upgraded minarets, lighting systems, and entrances for better accessibility

  • Construction of underground facilities to ease congestion during Hajj and Ramadan seasons

Masjid an-Nabawi today is a blend of Prophetic simplicity and modern engineering, symbolizing centuries of Islamic devotion. The mosque stands as a living monument of history and faith, with expansions reflecting the unity and progress of the Muslim Ummah.

Architectural Features and Design Highlights of Masjid an-Nabawi

Masjid an-Nabawi is not just a mosque; it’s a masterpiece of Islamic architecture and engineering that blends Prophetic-era simplicity with modern innovation. Every corner of the mosque reflects centuries of devotion, artistry, and meticulous planning. Below are the most striking architectural features and design highlights that make it a global landmark.

1. The Iconic Green Dome (Qubbat al-Khadra)

• Significance: The Green Dome is one of the most recognized Islamic symbols worldwide. It stands above the Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) burial chamber, alongside Abu Bakr (RA) and Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA).

• History: Originally built in 1279 CE, the dome was painted green during the Ottoman era in 1837, giving it its iconic look.

• Spiritual Value: Pilgrims from across the globe stand in awe before the Green Dome, offering Salam to the Prophet (ﷺ) at Al-Rawdah Al-Sharifah nearby.

2. Minarets and Their Symbolism

• Masjid an-Nabawi has 10 magnificent minarets, each standing 105 meters tall.

• Historical Evolution:

  • The first minaret was built in the Umayyad era.

  • Ottoman and Saudi rulers added more, making them architectural marvels with intricate stonework.

• Function: Minarets serve as both visual symbols of Islam and functional structures for the call to prayer (Adhan).

3. Courtyards and Giant Umbrella Canopies

• Highlight: The mosque features 250+ giant retractable umbrella canopies, installed during King Abdullah’s expansion project.

• Purpose: These canopies provide shade to worshippers in scorching heat, covering an area of 143,000 square meters.

• Innovation: Each canopy is equipped with lighting, rainwater drainage, and solar-powered systems, showcasing eco-friendly design.

4. The Rawdah Al-Sharifah (The Noble Garden)

• Location: Between the Prophet’s tomb and his original minbar (pulpit).

• Spiritual Significance: The Prophet (ﷺ) said,

  “Between my house and my pulpit is a garden from the gardens of Paradise.” (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim)

• Design: Marked with green carpet and beautiful marble columns, the Rawdah is a place of immense spiritual blessings.

5. The Minbar (Pulpit) of the Prophet (ﷺ)

• The Prophet’s original minbar was simple, made of date-palm wood.

• Over centuries, Islamic rulers replaced it with finely carved marble minbars.

• Today’s minbar is an Ottoman masterpiece adorned with elegant designs, symbolizing respect for the Prophet (ﷺ).

6. The Prophet’s Mihrab (Prayer Niche)

• Purpose: Indicates the Qiblah (direction of prayer).

• Architecture: Designed with white marble and golden inscriptions.

• Historical Value: Marks the exact spot where the Prophet (ﷺ) led Salah (prayers).

7. Golden Doors and Entrances

• Masjid an-Nabawi has 85 gates, including the famous Bab al-Salam (Gate of Peace) and Bab al-Baqi.

• Doors are decorated with 24-karat gold calligraphy featuring verses from the Qur’an.

• Entrances are wheelchair-friendly and connected to escalators and underground facilities, ensuring accessibility for all worshippers.

8. Intricate Islamic Calligraphy and Artwork

• Style: The mosque showcases Ottoman, Mamluk, and modern Saudi art styles.

• Details: Qur’anic verses in Thuluth script are engraved on walls, domes, and arches.

• Impact: The blend of art and spirituality enhances worshippers’ experience, reminding them of Islam’s rich heritage.

9. Dome Systems and Lighting

• The mosque has 27 sliding domes that open and close to provide natural ventilation.

• Lighting System: Over 7,000 chandeliers illuminate the mosque, with some chandeliers designed in Ottoman style, combining tradition and modernity.

• Engineering: These advanced dome systems keep the mosque cool and bright, even during peak Hajj seasons.

10. Modern Facilities

• Underground Sections: Equipped with air conditioning, escalators, and parking for thousands of visitors.

• Audio System: Advanced sound engineering ensures clear Adhan and Salah throughout the mosque’s vast area.

• Technology Integration: Smart crowd-control systems, security cameras, and cleaning robots help manage millions of visitors annually.

Visiting Etiquette, Guidelines, and Tips for Pilgrims 

Visiting Masjid an-Nabawi is a deeply spiritual experience for Muslims around the world. To ensure that every visitor maintains the sanctity of this holy mosque and enjoys a smooth visit, it’s essential to understand proper etiquette, guidelines, and practical tips before traveling to Madinah.

1. Intentions and Spiritual Preparation

Before setting foot in Madinah, pilgrims are encouraged to purify their intentions. Visiting Masjid an-Nabawi is not part of Hajj, but it is highly recommended to pray there, send peace upon the Prophet (ﷺ), and reflect on his teachings.

• Make dua for ease and acceptance of your visit.

• Learn about the Prophet’s (ﷺ) life to deepen your spiritual connection.

• Plan your trip to allow enough time for prayers, Quran recitation, and reflection.

2. Entering the Mosque Respectfully

Islam teaches adab (manners) when entering mosques, and this is especially important in Masjid an-Nabawi:

• Enter with your right foot first and recite the dua for entering a mosque:
  “Allahumma iftah li abwaba rahmatik” (O Allah, open the gates of Your mercy).

• Dress modestly: Men should wear long clothing; women should wear loose-fitting abayas and hijabs.

• Maintain silence and avoid unnecessary conversation.

• Switch off or silence mobile phones to preserve the spiritual atmosphere.

3. Visiting the Prophet’s Chamber (Rawdah Access)

One of the main highlights of visiting Masjid an-Nabawi is offering Salam at the Prophet’s (ﷺ) grave and praying in the Rawdah al-Sharifah, a garden from Paradise.

• Booking Access: Rawdah visits now require booking via the Nusuk App. Download and register in advance to secure a slot.

• Etiquette Inside Rawdah:

  • Be patient and avoid pushing.

  • Perform two rak’ahs of Tahiyyat al-Masjid and make dua.

  • Send salam upon the Prophet (ﷺ), Abu Bakr (RA), and Umar (RA).

• Keep visits brief to allow others to pray.

4. Salah and Ibadah Etiquette

Masjid an-Nabawi offers 5 daily prayers, attended by thousands of Muslims. Here’s how to make the most of your time:

• Arrive early to secure a comfortable spot, especially during Fajr and Maghrib.

• Bring a small prayer mat as the mosque can get crowded.

• Use time between prayers for Quran recitation and dhikr (remembrance of Allah).

• Avoid saving large spaces for others unnecessarily, as seating is limited.

5. Respecting Others

The mosque receives millions of visitors each year. To ensure harmony:

• Speak softly and avoid unnecessary phone calls.

• Do not take excessive selfies or videos, as this distracts others.

• Be mindful of elderly pilgrims and families with children, offering help when needed.

6. Travel and Accommodation Tips

Madinah is well-equipped for pilgrims, but planning ahead makes the visit smoother:

• Hotels: Choose accommodations near Masjid an-Nabawi for easy access. Many hotels offer prayer area views and shuttle services.

• Transport: Madinah has taxis, buses, and ride-hailing services like Careem. Walking is encouraged due to the close proximity of sites.

• Seasons: The mosque is busiest during Ramadan, Hajj season, and winter. Plan early bookings if visiting during these peak times.

7. Dress Code for Men and Women

• Men: Modest clothing; long pants and shirts.

• Women: Abaya (black robe) and hijab are required. Women do not need to cover their faces unless they choose to.

• Wear comfortable shoes or sandals, as you will walk extensively.

8. General Safety and Health Tips

• Keep hydrated and carry a reusable water bottle.

• Use Zamzam water available inside the mosque to refresh yourself.

• Carry basic medication and a prayer rug if you have allergies to carpets.

• Follow mosque security guidelines and avoid bringing large bags.

9. Best Times for Peaceful Prayer

To enjoy a calm atmosphere:

• Arrive at the mosque 1 hour before prayer to find a peaceful spot.

• Visit early morning after Fajr or late at night for more space.

• Women have dedicated Rawdah hours; check the official schedule in advance.

10. Remembering the Sanctity of Madinah

Madinah is a blessed city, and visitors should maintain the highest standards of respect. The Prophet (ﷺ) said:

“Madinah is a sanctuary from this mountain to that mountain. Its trees should not be cut and no heresy should be introduced in it.”
(Sahih Bukhari)

10 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Masjid an-Nabawi

1. What is the significance of Masjid an-Nabawi?

Masjid an-Nabawi is the second-holiest mosque in Islam, after Masjid al-Haram in Makkah. It was built by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in 622 CE and houses his blessed resting place. Praying in this mosque carries immense rewards, as the Prophet (ﷺ) said:

“One prayer in my mosque is better than a thousand prayers elsewhere, except for Masjid al-Haram.” (Sahih Bukhari)

2. Where is Masjid an-Nabawi located?

Masjid an-Nabawi is located in Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia, about 400 km north of Makkah. It is easily accessible by flights, high-speed trains, and highways connecting major Saudi cities.

3. Is visiting Masjid an-Nabawi part of Hajj?

No, visiting Masjid an-Nabawi is not part of Hajj. However, it is a Sunnah (highly recommended) to visit Madinah when performing Hajj or Umrah, to pray in the Prophet’s Mosque and send salam upon him.

4. How can I visit the Rawdah (Riyad al-Jannah)?

To visit Rawdah al-Sharifah (the Garden of Paradise), pilgrims must book an appointment through the Nusuk App, available on iOS and Android. Access is limited to ensure comfort and order. Men and women have separate visiting hours.

5. What is the Rawdah and why is it special?

The Rawdah al-Sharifah is an area between the Prophet’s (ﷺ) grave and his pulpit, described as “a garden from the gardens of Paradise.” Praying here is a great honor and reward for Muslims, making it one of the most visited areas in the mosque.

6. What should I wear when visiting Masjid an-Nabawi?

Visitors must dress modestly in accordance with Islamic teachings:

• Men: Loose, long clothing (e.g., thobe or trousers and shirts).

• Women: An abaya and hijab are required, covering the body fully (face covering is optional).
  Comfortable shoes are recommended, as visitors walk extensively.

7. Are there special rules in Madinah?

Yes, Madinah is a sacred sanctuary. Hunting animals, cutting trees, or causing harm is prohibited. Visitors should remain respectful, speak softly, and avoid arguments, as Madinah’s sanctity is emphasized in many hadiths.

8. What facilities are available at Masjid an-Nabawi?

Masjid an-Nabawi is equipped with world-class facilities:

• Air-conditioned prayer halls and shaded courtyards.

• Separate prayer areas for women.

• Zamzam water dispensers, elevators, and escalators.

• Wheelchair assistance, library, and Islamic teaching programs.

• Multilingual staff and volunteers.

9. When is the best time to visit Masjid an-Nabawi?

The mosque is open 24/7 year-round, but visiting during Ramadan, Rabi’ al-Awwal (the Prophet’s birth month), or Hajj season is especially rewarding. Off-peak seasons like late summer or early winter provide fewer crowds for a more peaceful experience.

10. How far is Masjid an-Nabawi from Masjid al-Haram in Makkah?

The distance between Madinah and Makkah is approximately 400 km (250 miles). Travelers can use:

• Haramain High-Speed Train: ~2 hours.

• Flights: ~1 hour.

• Car or Bus: ~4-5 hours.